New Additions to India’s Classical Language Recognition

India has recognized several languages as “Classical Languages” in acknowledgment of their ancient heritage, linguistic richness, and cultural significance. The recognition is accompanied by a range of benefits, including awards, research centers, and the establishment of professional chairs at central universities. These measures aim to promote the development, documentation, and research of classical languages.

The following languages have been declared classical by the Government of India:

Tamil (2004)
Sanskrit (2005)
Telugu (2008)
Kannada (2008)
Malayalam (2013)
Odia (2014)

In support of these classical languages, various centers and institutes have been established to promote research and development. For example:

Central Institute of Classical Tamil (CICT) in Chennai, set up in 2008, focuses on promoting the development of classical Tamil.
Central Sanskrit University (New Delhi), Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University (New Delhi), and National Sanskrit University (Tirupati) have been instrumental in promoting Sanskrit and were granted central university status in 2020.
Centers for Classical Telugu studies have been established in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh.
The center for Classical Kannada research is in Mysore, Karnataka.
The research center for Classical Malayalam is located in Tirur, Malappuram, Kerala.
The center for Classical Odia research is located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Additionally, as per a Gazette notification in 2024, the Indian government has also declared the following languages as classical: Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali.

These initiatives are overseen by the Ministry of Culture and support efforts to strengthen education, research, and documentation in these languages. They reflect India’s commitment to preserving and promoting its rich linguistic and cultural diversity.

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